The pupil’s natural interest                     intrinsic satisfaction

Motivation by the teacher                      extrinsic rewards

Success in the task                                satisfaction and reward

Involves an interest in the learning task itself and also satisfaction being gained from task

Effective teaching must win the hearts and minds of pupils if the learning experience is to involve intrinsic motivation, curiosity, interest and a proper educational engagement useful way of eliciting pupils’ interest is to pose a question or a problem at the start of the lesson

A task can afford a way of working that is satisfying, such as learning as part of a group in a social context. Active involvement and co-operation between pupils fosters enjoyment

Project work can act as a very important source of motivation through the degree of choice and control it offers to pupils in undertaking the work

Select topics that are likely to interest pupils, particularly if they relate to pupils’ own experiences

Offering a choice can also elicit interest

Provide pupils with regular feedback concerning how their skills and competence are developing.    Review: Show what you know, understand and can do - rehearse, practice and memorise

Draw their attention to what they can do and understand now compared with before the course of work began

Teacher praise is a powerful motivator although its effect depends on skilful use

Praise should be linked to pupils’ effort and attainment, conveying sincere pleasure on the teacher’s part and should be used with credibility

Well judged, consistent, frequent and targeted use of praise that identifies the individual or group’s specific behaviour or attributes and celebrates them with positive unconditional language is very powerful

Indicate to pupils the usefulness, relevance and importance of the topic or activity to their needs

Teacher expectations can influence their behaviour towards pupils in ways that promote greater progress and produce a ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ effect

Ensure the tasks are challenging and offer pupils a realistic chance of success, taking into account their ability and previous learning

‘Hook’ what is to be learned to existing experience or knowledge to aid memory, help assimilate new learning and raise expectations

Expectations need to convey that the activities are worthwhile and of interest

Monitor pupils’ progress closely providing quick and supportive feedback when a pupil has encountered major difficulties

High expectations which are too demanding will not foster greater progress