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Self-Esteem
is the individual evaluation of the gap between self-image and
ideal self. Self-esteem is not fixed and we are all constantly engaged in
the processes that test, modify and restructure it.
Points
arising from Research
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There is a positive correlation between children’s self-esteem and their
levels of attainment |
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Children will not use their full ability if their self-esteem is low
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There is a correlation between self-esteem and children’s behaviour
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The manner in which sanctions or disciplinary measures are used is
crucial with regard to the child’s self-esteem
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Self-esteem enhancement need not be inconsistent with good discipline in
the classroom |
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There is a correlation between children’s self-esteem and teacher
self-esteem |
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Teachers are in a powerful position to influence children’s self-esteem
and in turn influence their achievements and behaviour.
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Key
Elements of Self-Esteem:
Systematic Programmes
At a
school level:
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Encourage a variety of inclusive group activities some of which are
non-competitive |
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Use
Circle Time as a core strategy |
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Instigate a positive behaviour programme and a systematic scheme of rewards
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Monitor
instances of bullying and take affirmative action to prevent it
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Place
value on whole group activities such as assemblies
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Ensure
that all pupils experience trust-building activities and similar work as
part of PSD |
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Install
a behaviour and reward policy which is consistently applied and on which
students have been consulted
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Monitor
the PSD programme to ensure there are planned opportunities to develop
assertiveness and positive self-concepts |
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Use
outside organisations such as Education Business Partnerships to promote and
recognise achievement of all types.
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At a
classroom level:
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Use
co-operative learning techniques to build team skills
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Use
decision-making exercises |
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Teach
problem-solving tools and techniques |
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Refer to
and use role-models from the pupils’ own experiences
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Use
trust-building activities |
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Teach
active listening skills for giving and receiving
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Individual counselling
At a
school level
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Use
mentoring schemes with senior pupils
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Give
regular information on progression routes in a planned, systematic way
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Build in
goals, interim targets and related tasks to action planning with pupils
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Involve
parents and/or other adults in goal setting
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Promote
and acclaim individual successes across a wide range of academic and
non-academic achievements |
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Develop
regular one-to-one reviews and individual action-planning sessions
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Send
students to the ’office’ when they are successful!
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Discourage student comparisons with the other students’ work: focus on
performance improvement |
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Break
down steps to improvement into small realisable chunks
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Provide
formal feedback on performance through a variety of means
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At a
classroom level
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Analyse
past performance, isolate successes and build on them
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See your
pupils and get to know them in different contexts
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Avoid
put downs
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Develop
a vocabulary and agreed principles for constructive feedback between pupils
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Explore
the concepts surrounding identity using collage, timelines autobiographies,
scrapbooks etc. |
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Find
something unique and positive about every pupil and let them know it
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Provide
opportunities especially for boys to express emotions
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Use
strategies such as hobby days or talks for pupils to display their real
interests |
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Find an
area where your pupil is guaranteed to succeed and promote it
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Positive ethos
At a
school level
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Promote
the successes of the school through PR |
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Encourage positive non-judgmental attitudes to counselling amongst staff
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Develop
staff awareness of positive reinforcement techniques
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Use
non-uniform and fancy dress days to allow pupils and staff to participate
together |
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Enthuse
staff to model the sorts of positive attitudes and behaviours you seek to
support |
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Establish ’achievement’ days or weeks across the school and promote them
through assemblies and form meetings
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At a
classroom level
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Provide
opportunities to increase awareness of classmates, families, background and
interests |
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Foster
an identity within your class by emphasising collective achievements
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Apply
class and school rules fairly and consistently
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Reflection and Discussion
Which
areas of the above do you recognise in your current school/classroom
practice?
Are
there any areas that you would consider adopting to enhance self- esteem in
your school/classroom?
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Some Activities for Development to Enhance
Self-Esteem in the Classroom |
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Key element |
Aims |
Objectives |
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Some examples and
suggestions |
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Systematic Programmes of group activities |
Choose a particular idea you would
like to follow up.
(with some examples)
Use co-operative learning
techniques to build team skills e.g. Jigsaws. |
Split up text into meaningful ’chunks’, groups
read it, discuss and identify the main points. Present in order to the
rest of the class to give complete overview of work. |
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Individual counselling, listening to children |
Explain the effects of negative self-talk and how to deal with it. |
Re-frame negatives into positives, do
visualising- ’What will this work look like when I hand it in? Modelling: find
someone who has managed assignment well. |
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Provide a Positive Ethos |
Use non-uniform and fancy dress days to allow pupils and staff to
participate together. |
Participate in Charity Fun Days e.g. Red Nose
Day, Children in Need etc.
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Selected References

Further Reading
The following are suggested as starting points. They contain references to other
work, which could be useful.
Canfield, J. & Siccone, F. (1995) 101 ways to develop student self-esteem and
responsibility. Massachusetts; Allyn & Bacon.
Goleman, D. (1996) Emotional Intelligence. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Hook, P. & Vass, A. (1999) Confident Classroom Leadership. London.David
Fulton Publishers.
Lawrence, D. (1996) Enhancing Self-Esteem in the Classroom. Paul Chapman
Publishing
Moseley. J. (1995) Turn Your School Around. Cambridge: LDA
SCCC (1996) Teaching for Effective Learning. Dundee: SCCC
Smith, A. (1996) Accelerated Learning in the Classroom. Network
Educational Press Ltd.
White, M. (1994) Self-Esteem, Its Meaning and Value In Schools. Cambridge:
Daniels Publishing

Websites
www.acceleratedlearning.co.uk
www.alite.co.uk
www.newhorizons.org
A publisher
specialising in brain-based learning
www.cainelearning.com/
Brain based
learning site with good links
www.21learn.org
The 21st
Century initiative
http://pzweb.harvard.edu/Research/Research.htm
Official
Harvard Project Zero site
www.musica.uci.edu/index.html
Music and
learning
www.brainstore.com
Eric Jensen
–link between neuroscience and the classroom
http://www.cdipage.com/
The Child
Development Institute
www.self-esteem-international.org
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